Image provided by: Multnomah County Library; Portland, OR
About Gresham outlook. (Gresham, Multnomah County, Or.) 1911-1991 | View Entire Issue (June 19, 1914)
HOME. AND FARM MAGAZINE SECTION 4 Among the Orchards of the Northwest A Page of Interesting Advice and Information About Fruit«, Large and Small. 4 To determ ine th e proper tim e to sp ray is made easier if yon m ake proper observations. The sp raying m ust be done at the rig h t tim e to be effectiv e. This article tells you how to m ake it effectiv e aud certain . By E. F . ST E P H E N S . N SPR A Y IN G apples for the codling m oth it is a convenience to know d e fin itely th e tim e ad u lt moths em erge from th e chrysalides. When th is is know n, then th e spraying can be done a t ex actly the rig h t tim e to be m ost effectiv e. To encourage more c er ta in m ethods in fig h tin g th e codling m oth, by fin d in g out th e ex act d ate the ad u lts appear, P ro f. T. H. P ark s, of Id ah o , is d istrib u tin g codling moth cages, and in retu rn asks orehardists to carefu lly w atch and m ake note of th e d ate th e firs t and th e la st codling m oth emerges. Each o rch ard ist can m ake a cage fo r him self. The m aterial used is common win dow screen wire, and a co nvenient size fo r the enge is eig h t inches in diam eter b y tw elve or fiftee n inches in length. In these cages place th e larv ae of the codling moth, also place leaves or a b it o f cloth cover fo r shelter, and, when th e moth has actu a lly emerged, it would be well to add tw igs of apple bloom. Secure A verage T em perature, r ia c e the cages in such position in th e orchards as to give an average tem p eratu re. I t is well to throw weeds over th e cage to p a rtia lly hide it, les eening the pow er of th e sun. Since ten c e n ts ’ w orth of m aterial will make a cage, it is well to have tw o or three of them placed under varied conditions. The w riter places three d iffe re n t cages in v ary in g conditions in th e orchard. As th e larv ae o f th e codling moth em erges from au apple in late fall, it seeks a place to w in ter w ith safety , w in terin g as larv ae or worms. These larv ae may w in ter under a b it of rough bar'i. on th e tru n k o f a tre e or in any sim ilar a ielter. T hey are usually ab u n d an t about packing houses. As the larv ae seeks shelter, it w eaves over itse lf a th in web. H ere it reposes u n til springtim e. The next step depends on th e char a c te r of the season and on th e earli- ness w ith which its place of conceal nient may warm up. D epending on the e h aracter of th e shelter, th e d ate of p upation may v ary fifte e n to sixty days, or more. The next step is fo r tho la rv a e to change to th e pupae form , called p u p atin g In fool w eath er it re m ains in th is form f r tw en ty one d ay s; in the heated summer a less time, and then em erges us a codling moth. S Before C alyx Closes. The odhng moth, male and female, flies a t night and mates. W ithin about fo u r days o f th e em ergence o f the m oth, egg lay in g commences Each fem ale moth is reported to deposit from one hundred and fifty to tw o hundred egg" These eggs hatch in eight or ten days B. F. lln rst. who has given very carefu l study to th e h ab its of th e rod lin g moth in Idaho, rep o rts th a t th e la rv a e may feed one to tw o days on th e foliage before en terin g th e apple. Borne obtwivera report th a t, of th e first brood or w hile the apple is y et very •m all, SO oer cent e f th e larv ae may • n te r the apple through th e calyx. A • p e n a l e ffo rt should be m ade to de pos t some form of poison, p referably • rs e n a te of lead, in th e ealyx before th e ealyx closes. Thia poison lodged w i t h i n the calyx m ay poison n o t only $82 th e larv ae of the firs t, b u t some of the second brood, since the poison rem ains in position to in tercep t th e larv ae when ev er it does enter. E ggs on Leaves. A skillful o rchardist does not spray un til a fte r pollination has tak en place and the m ajor portion o f th e |>etals have fallen. In th e Y akim a d istric t in a favorable season, th e rule is to begin to spray when eig h t-ten th s of th e petals have fallen. A fter th e p etals fall there is usually fiv e to seven d a y s ’ tim e in which to spray before the calyx closes so tig h tly as to p re v e n t th e lodgment of th e poisonous spray. This firs t calyx sprav should he w ith high p res sure, aim ing to force th e liquid into the portion of th e ealyx cup. Since the eggs of the codling m oth have not yet been deposited and may not be de posited for some weeks a fte r th is sp ray ing, th e object of th is firs t spray is to securely lodge th is poisonous liquid in th e calyx of each apple oil th e tree. C areful observers, like Mr. H urst, note th a t most of th e eggs of th e cod ling moth are deposited on th e leaves, and th a t th e vonng larv ae m ay feed a little on th e leaf before seeking the apple. This gives an opportu n ity to in tercep t th e larv ae by the second sprav, which th is tim e should bo a fine m ist, coating the under and upper sides of th e leaf. M oth Cage Is Aid. To determ ine th e best tim e fo r the second spray is th e object of th e moth cage, the careful observation of w hich ascertain s when th e moth will be ready to lay eggs and thus determ ine th e tim e for the second sprav, which should coat the leaves ju s t in advance o f th e lay in g of th e eggs. On th e o th er hand th e tim e o f the firs t spray in g is determ ined b y and m ust be before th e calyx closes. W hite W in ter P earm ain blooms earlier th an Jo n ath an or W inesap. Rome B eauty and R aw les’ J a n e t la te r th an eith er, mak ing a period of ten days or m ore be tw een the earliest and la te st closing of th e ealyx. Tf th e season is fav o rab le w ithout loss by fro st, sprav when eight ten th s o f th e bloom has fallen. If , on the o th er hand, th e Reason has been u n fav o rab le, and th e early bloom has been destroyed, and th e crop is depend e n t on th e la te r bloom, then do not sp ray un til th e latest bloom has shed its petals. The o rchardist. th erefo re, will carefu lly study his own bloom, and will sprav w ith reference to th a t p articu lar portion o f th e bloom w hich in his case will set fru it. Tliis v aries w ith v arieties. S tu d y of Trees. To determ ine when to sp ray against th e second brood, about th e firs t of Ju n e place b u rlap ban d s about th e tru n k s o f th e older trees, p referab ly in some old orchard, or in some orchard sadly in fested w ith worms. VndeT these band trap s th e larvae of th e firs t brood w ill hide to tran sfo rm into adults. l*l«ce a goodly num ber o f these worms in th e moth eage, stu d y th eir developm ent, snd spray fo r th e second brood when th e m oths are read y to lay eggs. In th e Boise basin th a t would quite lik ely be in th e neighborhood of th e firs t o f Jn ly . Since th e broods over lap, it m ight be necessary to spray again in th e early days of A ugust. C areful observers believe th a t in the S nake R iver and the Boise V alleys we have first and second broods only, but th a t these broods overlap and m ay con tin u e th eir work even in Septem ber. Bv stu d y in g trees th a t are old and voung and pruned in d iffe re n t m eth ods, it w ill be found th a t in your orch ards th a t are allowed a large amount E we ° ek arning - KING DF THE WOODS W it h o r W ith o u t B u ts S a w A tta ch m « W iH .aw 2 0 to 4 0 cord, ol wood per day at a $1 00. P U L L S n S E L F sp the I I IL L over the roughest ground. Cods leu than other One man write« he »awed 56 rxk» »o 10 hours. Aacdwr « w e d 40 cords in 9 k'uw T J*" • b o h you ought to kaow. nte foe F R E E cat ak w containing I .11 dewcrip4*'Oi w<h tr -tin n a l s C apacity of wood more fr u it buds will set a t the age of four, fiv e or six years than orch ards pruned fo r large good grow th. I f a four or five yeMr old tree la s com p arativ ely few fru it buds, it will bloom w ithin a period of a very few days, but f a tree, w hether old or youn0\ has an excessive num ber of fru it buds, then th a t tree will continue to come into bloom for a period of tw elve to four teen days. In case of an unfavorable spring w ith fro st periods, tho tree h av ing the g reatest abundance of bloom and blooming for the longest period of tim e would be the tree most likely to set crop o f fru it in a frosty spring, an item of g reat im portance, particularly in the handling of young orchards. Points on Pigs EED IN G and care arc as im portant as the breeding in producing a good hog. P lenty of feed and good care may m ake a good hog o u t of a ru n t, b u t lack of it will alw ays make a ru n t out of a good pig. To make pork cheaply a perm anent p astu re and forage crops must be used. Young pigs m ust have a dry bed and p lenty of sunshine. Begin feeding the pig as soon as he will eat, and keep him grow ing u n til he is m ature. A lw ays keep plenty of clean, fresh w ater w here the hogs may drink any tim e. Q uarantine all newly purchased a n i mals fo r th ree weeks. N ever keep a fem ale fo r a brood sow, no m a tte r how well bred she m ay be, if she will not produce more than four strong pigs a t a litter. The more m ilk a sow will give the fa s te r her pigs w ill grow. Lice p revent a hog from doing well. A lw ays keep a m ixture of charcoal, wood ashes, lime, sulphur, salt and cop peras before the hogs. F F in a l P lan s F o r W ater System. W h at is believed to be the last hitch in th e building o f the Chehalis g ra v ity w ater system was straightened out when arrangem ents w ere completed fo r ru n ning the Chehalis pipe across th e C en tra lia in ta k e site. F o u r b u ffalo calves have jn st been born in th e W ichita national fo rest, bringing the herd up to 51. 22,000 R ainbow T rout P lan ted . Tw enty tw o thousand rainbow tro u t, ranging from a h a lf inch to an inch in length were p lanted in the tro u t stream s of Lewis county, W ash., by Game W ar den N orton W ynn and his deputies. The tro u t were brought from th e sta te fish hatchery in S e a ttle and upon a r riv al were divided into three equal lots. One bunch was freed in Lincoln Creek, the second w as tu rn ed out on th e south fork of th e N ew aukum , w hile th e th ird w as tak en to Dunn Creek, be tw een D ryad and D oty, this creek b e ing a trib u ta ry to tho south fo rk of the Chehalis R iver. The stream s in which th e tro u t were p lan ted will be closed to fishing fo r a term o f tw o years. Plan For Fair in Chehalis County. The Chehalis county fa ir w ill be held a t Elma, Wash., Septem ber 23-27, a c cording to an announcem ent by George Simpson, president of th e f a ir associa tion. T his is e a rlie r th an usual, th e fa ir having alw ays previously been held in O ctober. The prem ium list w ill be issued in July. IH HEART OF riTY H otel BBfr'B BB t?9 æ BE PE E3 «ESPE E0 . SEATTUS k "Tw»lv« S I i i H m • > SolU C.mFort in the c e n te r o f thing»— theatre® &xxl store« on both «ides* B u ild in g ab solu tely fireproof— con crete, s te e l and m arble. B o to rtA fl r u s ftl r«r D.y Up R o o m « > 1 . 0 0 » e r d a y wp R o o m a w i t h p r iv a t o b a th > 2 . 0 0 i T Y P E W R IT E R S R E N T a T y p e w r ite r from th e m a n a fa e tn r e r o , <5 fo r th r e e m o n th s ; R em in g to n N o. 6 or No. 7 ; S m ith P r em ier , N o. 2 o r N o . 4 ; r ie ib lo R em in g to n , M on arch, S m ith P r em ier , | 3 p a r m on th d e liv e r e d a n y w h er e. R e b u ilt m a ch in e« •o ld ou e a s y p a y m en ts. REMINGTON TYPEWRITER COMPANY. 8 6 B r o a d w a y , P o r tla n d . O re. I Rheumatism OST of the diseases of the human system are due to impure blood or are aggravated by im pure blood. Cleanse the blood of the impuri ties. “ uric acid" and germs which are carried to every part of the body and you reach the root of disease. Snlphurro gets results because of its common sense method; when the blood is in its natural, healthful state, Rheumatism, Skin and Blood Diseases disappear. Sulphurro cleanses, purifies, invigorates and refreshes. M “ Sulphnrro has done for me what I thought impossible; it has cured my Rheumatism after years of suffering and after I had tried many remedies Sulphnrro alone is entitled to credit for the fact that I now am in perfect health, with out an aehe or a pain. “ II B rK TR ID iiE, “ 1516 M arket St., Seattle.” 4 SULPHURRO FOR SALE BY ALL DRUGGISTS50- AND $1.00 3O A \ Reierson Machinery to . i mu MHiMU • **«1 »